Reason First!

Sunday, December 01, 2024

Th Moral Miror, part I

Skeches for th Moral Miror, esaes riten on th eev of th cuming gloebal wor.

Preeambl

If U hapen to be standing between too mirors, as ofen hapens in barbershops, and qiet freeqently in amuezment parks, U can see a neerly infinit regreshon of reflekshons if th mirors ar properly aliend. This infinit regreshon of imejes is to me whot moest striekingly carrakteriezes th diferenss between moral thinking and praktikal thinking. When U hav too statistikaly independent moral aejents, too independent hueman miends, eech wun trieing to think of whot th uther wun is thinking, it wil theeoretikaly leed to an analogus sichuaeshon. Nacheraly, th limitaeshons of th hueman miend do not permit us to continue with this thaut prosess for too long: I can sae, “I am thinking about U, U ar thinking about me, I am thinking about th fakt that U ar thinking about me, U ar thinking about th fakt that I am thinking about U, and so on and so forth, but if we tri to continue in liek maner our thauts will tend to get mudld, or at leest “tanggld up”, and it becums mentaly exausting if we tri to extend th prosess for mor than a fue steps, but it is hiely instruktiv to think about this prosess, particuelarly in liet of artifishal intelijenss, which cuud conseevably taek th prosess much further.

Nevertheles, th hueman ability to deel with th “problem of uther miends” is whot enaebls us to engaej in all diferent kiends of soeshal interakshon, particuelarly when it cums to th prinsipal diferenss between th muechual teling of troo staetments (or at leest staetments that wun or boeth partys beleev to be troo staetments), th teling of lies, whaer wun party deliberatly tries to deseev th uther, and th muechual engaejment in maekbeleev, whaer all partys involvd ar awaer that thae ar teling eech uther meer fikshons, so that everywun noes not to taek th staetments literaly (at leest not outsied th confiens of a given “shaerd fantasy spaess”).

In th furst caess, when boeth partys ar engaejd in muechual troothteling, we can demonstraet th sichuaeshon bi saeing “I am teling th trooth, U ar teling th trooth, I beleev that U ar teling th trooth, U beleev that I am teling th trooth, I beleev that U beleev I am teling th trooth, U beleev that I beleev that U ar teling th trooth…” and so on and so forth.

In cartoons we mae reprezent whot peepl ar thinking bi drawing tieny cloudliek or bublliek surkls, within which we mae atempt to draw imejes whaerin is depikted whot eech party to a conversaeshon is thinking, regardles of whether that thinking acuratly reflekts whot th uther party is thinking or whether it reflekts “exturnal” reality.

To atempt to go further, we wuud wont to reprezent whot wun purson thinks th uther purson is thinking, and then in that caess we wuud hav to draw surkls within surkls, and if we wonted to depikt whot wun purson thinks anuther purson thinks that that furst purson is thinking (or, qiet simply, eny uther purson), we wuud be forst to draw three surkls within eech uther, but cleerly we cuud not draw meny mor nested surkls within eech uther without it becuming confuezing, and moest comik strips or grafik novels wuud not permit that much deetael to be vizibl in th furst plaess.

At this point we miet wont to uez graf theeory to creaet grafs with diferent conekting liens insted of embeded surkls, and to reprezent th respektiv trooth or faulsity of staetments maed bi diferent partys (or thauts entertaend bi thees respektiv partys when not vurbaly exprest) eether bi diferent texchers or culors of thees liens (e.g. doted liens for unspoeken thauts vursus solid liens for spoeken staetments, and th culor blak for supoezedly troothful staetments with th culor red for deliberat lies — with, let’s sae, yelo for faulss staetments that mae be sinseerly beleevd, and green for staetments and thauts relaeting to maekbeleev, joeks, shared fikshons, etc.) Thees trust-relaeshonship diagrams wuud thaerfor corespond to “Feynman dieagrams” in nuecliar fiziks, and thae wuud form a solid baesis for th development of moral sieenss.

Normaly, if we wer deeling with a furst-yeer corss in trust-relaeshonship theeory, we wuud expound on diferent kiends of lies, muechual misunderstandings, and th liek, and draw strukchers for thees trust relaeshonships (or broeken trust relaeshonships, as th caess mae be), but in this particuelar esae I am going to cut this preeambl short bi jumping ahed to a discushon of th wor in th Gaaza strip and it’s relevanss to trust-relaeshonship theeory. However, befor I do that, thaer is wun sinister kiend of lie that needs to be adrest furst, and that is th sadistik lie, which is akchualy mor of a meta-lie, sinss it relaets to our jeneral ability to tel th diferenss between a lie and th trooth.

A sadistik lie mae not be a lie at all, but it’s purpos is to convinss its audi’enss (i.e. th intended viktim) that thae dezurv to be lied to! (or, at th verry leest, that thae do not dezurv to be toeld th trooth, th hoel trooth, and nuthing but th trooth, acording to th comon leegal diktim). It can be compaerd to th baterd wief sindroem, whaer an abuesiv partner — statistikaly mor ofen a man — consinses his viktim that she dezurvs to be beeten. Wun mae eeven speek of a Stockholm sindroem varieety of a sadistik lie, whaerin th viktims not oenly dezurv to be lied to, but ar insieted to start employing sadistik lies themselvs, and to teech uthers to do th saem (in uther wurds, chaen lies, chaen reakshon lies, and metastasiezing lies).

A sadistik lie ofen taeks th form of a lie that’s so preposterus and absurd that th viktim qiet ofen is not shuur that she hurd corektly, and has to pinch herself several tiems. That is th hoel purpos of a sadistik lie, tho, in that it’s a form of gaslieting, in that it is intended to get th viktim to dout his or her sanity! Aulso noen as th deer in th hedliet sindroem, whaer th deer is froezen with feer or unsurtenty and unaebl to desied which wae to run.

Adolf Hitler seems to hav dun sumthing similar with his noeshon of th big lie, wun that caches peepl toetaly bi serpriez and puuts them “off gard”, but th moest noetorius expoenent of sadistik lies todae, and aulmoest surtenly wun of th moest noetorius seerial liears in history — a man hoo desperatly needs to go to sum kiend of re-hab to lurn how to stop lieing, if oenly that wer posibl — is our oen Donald Trump, but enuf sed of him at this point, becauz riet now we must deel with th caess of Benjamin Netanyahu and his brootal wor on children, and on reality…

Thaer ar now mor than 8 bilyon peepl on this planet, and it is saef to sae that thaer ar no longger eny iesolaeted groops of indivijuals hoo hav absolootly no contakt with members of th “outsied” wurld. Not everywun mae be conekted to th internet, but moest peepl ar oenly a dae’s hiek or bus ried awae from a vilej whaer sumwun has a compueter with aksess to th internet. Whot this meens is that vurchualy everybudy is caepabl of being awaer of whot is going on in th Gaaza strip, in Lebanon, and elswhaer (aultho to be troo, meny peepl hav enuf pursonal ishoos of thaer oen that thae can il aford to sacrifiess much tiem wurying or being consurnd about whot is going on at sum uther jeeografik co-ordinat on th planet).

However, for thoes hoo do hav th tiem and th inclinaeshon to keep up with th nues, hoo can folo th maejor internashonal braudcasting netwurks such as th BBC or Al Jazeera, and hoo hav aksess to soeshal netwurking survises such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or TikTok, it is abundantly cleer that thaer is a maejor jenosied going on riet now on our planet, a horrifik jenosied, wun that we hav not seen th lieks of sinss Wurld Wor Too. Wun whaer all th laws of wor hav bin sadistikaly vieolaeted, inclooding all th Jeneeva convenshons and all uenivursal prinsipls of hueman riets, not to menshon every conseevabl moral prinsipl that members of th jeenus homo hav foloed or bin awaer of oever th last ten thouzand yeers.

Th diferenss is, that this tiem, unliek duuring th peeriod of th Jooish Hoelocaust in conekshon with Wurld Wor Too and th so-cauld “Thurd Riek”, this tiem th hoel wurld noes presiesly whot is going on and can no longger claem ignoranss. Thae cannot be foold bi Hitler having a smaul Jooish boy plae a vieolin outsied of a “model” consentraeshon camp. This tiem we all see th crusht, torn, and smutherd bodys of smaul children on a daely baesis, and eeven in reeal tiem, not just in stael nues reeals at a smaul toun sinema. Children th wurld oever, as yung as six yeers oeld (or however oeld thae hav to be in order to comprehend whot thae ar seeing) ar seeing uther children thaer oen aej being kild riet befor thaer oen ies, at eny our of th dae or niet, every dae of th week, every dae of th munth, eny munth of th yeer, with indicaeshons that this daely slauter mae yet continue for several mor yeers.

Not oenly that, but in meny caeses thees children th wurld oever can akchualy tauk to thees Palestinian children, and in reeal tiem, and get to noe them a bit, at leest for a fue daes, or a fue weeks, or a fue munths befor thae ar kild. It is liek being aebl to go bak in tiem and being aebl to tauk to Anne Frank and her sister befor thae wer sent off to th consentraeshon camp to die.

But this tiem, thaer is not just wun Anne Frank, not just ten of them, but hundreds or eeven thouzands of thees Palestinian Anne Franks. On Instagram aloen thaer ar duzens of Palestinian blogers, th best noen of them having oever 100,000 or 200,000 foloeers. Not all of thees blogers fizikaly liv in th Gaaza strip, of corss; sum mae liv in Canada or Nue Zeeland, but thae all hav frends and relativs in a jenosiedal sacrifiess zoen, and meny can pursonaly naem duzens of viktims of this inhueman conflikt.

Meny Palestinian kids speek Inglish qiet wel, and meny ar lurning Amerrican Inglish so thae can get to noe Amerrican kids. Wun of th moest hart-rending seens I hav yet seen from this wor is when we wer all permited to cach a glimps of a torn children’s scool textbuuk with th wurds “Palestinian Inglish” cleerly printed on th cuver in th rubish of a bomd-out rezidenshal complex, wun that mae eezily hav bin as much as twelv storys hie, and with duzens of familys with scool-aej children in them, moest of them now murderd, purmanently maemd, or at leest excrooshiaetingly traumatiezd and emoeshonaly scard for lief.

Whot I fiend remarkabl about this is that sumhow, in this tieny impoverisht aanclaev, thaer wuz this aantraprenuur, moest liekly a Palestinian himself, hoo conseevd of seting up a smaul publishing cumpany, sumhow got th funds to get it started, and then got th eqipment to start printing and biending buuks, a later-dae Balzac, just so that Palestinian children and yung peepl wuud hav a chanss to lurn Inglish, and moest liekly Amerrican Inglish, and yet we Amerricans ar kiling them for wonting to speek our langgwej, becauz bi freely giving arms and muny to Izra’el so that th later naeshon can kil thees children in our naem, we hav as much blud on our hands and feet as if we had direktly kild thees children ourselvs (and it duzn’t mater that sum of us Amerricans mae not akchualy be paeing taxes at this tiem, sinss we ar all wun naeshon, wun singguelar criminal enterpriez, hoo must now prae in th spirit of Jon Lenon, particuelarly in th spirit of his song “Imajin”, that thaer is “no heven, abuv us oenly ski”, becauz if thaer wer such a plaess then acording to convenshonal Crischan theeolojy th oposit plaess wuud shuurly hav to exist, and sinss all of us Amerricans hoo hav reecht th aej of reezon hav purmanently relinqisht and extingwisht all chanses of ataening th former plaess after we die, we mae oenly pas th river of Stix with a wun-wae tiket to th later plaess, as we ar all aksesorys to murder, as shuurly as if we had given a puur man a nief or a gun — or given him th muny to purchas it himself — whiel noeing all th whiel that his soel intent in gaening aksess to this weapon wuz so that he cuud kil his wief…we must now all prae that thaer is no heven.)

At this point we hav all th ingredi’ents needed to understand th “moral miror”: At th tiem of th Jooish Hoelocaust moest of th wurld wuz larjly unawaer of th troo naecher of th event. Thaer wer stil meny peepls on th planet hoo wer not exactly “fuuly integraeted” with whot is comonly laebld “Western Sosieety” or “Western Sivilizaeshon” at th tiem, so we can pas oever them without ishoo. As for everywun elss, until th liberaeshon of th consentraeshon camps at th end of Wurld Wor Too, when th wurld fienaly got to see the fuul horror of th emashiaeted corpses stakt up liek logs, and then thaer fienal dispoezal in mas graevs whaer graeny nues reels sho traktors and buuldoezers shuveling them into heeps, whiel thaer wer plenty of indicaeshons and hints that sumthing horribl wuz going on, meny peepl in Jurmany itself cuud onestly claem that thae wer unawaer of whot wuz hapening sinss Hitler’s Naatsy rezheem kept tiet staet controel of all nues meedia, and it wuz ileegal to lisen to foren raedio braudcasts. Thaerfor, indivijual viktims such as Anne Frank and her sister went to thaer deths beleeving that moest of th wurld wuz unawaer of thaer pliet, and thae wuud hav bin larjy corekt in that asesment.

In our dae and aej, however, th sichuaeshon is compleetly diferent. Th Gaaza strip masaker is beyond dout th moest compleetly and presiesly docuemented mas murder in hueman history, and we aulredy hav far mor foetografik evidenss of it than for th entier Jooish Hoelocaust. This is not serpriezing at all, of corss, considering th unimajinabl advanses in foetografik teknolojy that separaet th too historikal events. Moroever, th interaktiv posibilitys permited bi soeshal netwurking survises such as Facebook, Skype, YouTube, Zoom, and so on meen that we in efekt get to see Anne Frank die oever and oever agen as ofen as we liek, and we can chat with her and get to noe her in reeal tiem along th wae. This is trooly th point in th history of comuenicaeshon teknolojy whaer th Hoelocaust meets Groundhog dae 😱.

With th aded faktor of th moral miror, we noe that thaer ar 8 bilyon hueman beings obzurving th Gaaza strip hoelocaust from afar whiel th mor than 2 milyon inhabitants of th Gaaza strip noe fuul wel that th “outsied wurld” is woching them die and esenshaly doing nuthing, henss a discustingly pervurted “cand hunt” or “wun-sieded gladiatorial combat😡‼

However, th mental, siecolojikal, and moral reality that we ar faesing is infinitly wurss wunss we reealiez that th 2 milyon inhabitants of th Gaaza strip ar presiesly awaer that we 8 bilyon uther inhabitants of th gloeb ar awaer that we ar in turn fuuly cognizant of whot th inhabitants of th Gaaza strip themselvs ar thinking, which then leeds to th infinit regreshon of thaut whaerin we outsieders noe that th Palestinians noe that we outsieders noe that th Palestinians noe…that a reeal tiem hoelocaust is aktivly involving th hoel planet in th ies of God, whiel for thoes of us hoo ar aethyists we wuud simply sae that th hoel planet is caut up in this hoelocaust in a spirichual senss!

Thaerfor, we do not hav just wun Hoelocaust but an infinit regreshon of nested Hoelocausts, wun insied th uther, as in a Rushan Matroshka dol whaer eech sukseeding dol has a smauler dol insied of it 😱😰😱😰😱😰😱…

This compleets th furst sekshon of Th Moral Miror.


Saturday, April 22, 2023

A Logical Spelling (TO version)

 [This is a copy of a mail I sent the late Edward Rondthaler a number of years ago. It contains a synopsis of the most current rules for the SoundSpel™ system of simplified spelling. The chart cums first, and then the letter to Ed explaining the rationale behind the rules. Points in the chart that are highlighted  indicate rules that differ from earlier versions of SoundSpel™. Note that this post is in traditional orthography. A parallel version that I posted earlier today is in SoundSpel.]

 

A Lojikal Speling

                                SOUNDSPEL ---                                                                                 EEZY TO LURN, EEZY TO REED

CONSONANTS and consonant pairs

b as heard in beg, habit, bib, mob

c/k as heard in cap, became, kit, back[RJM1] 

ch as heard in chin, teacher, church

d as heard in dog, ladder, did, bad

f as heard in fan, effort, fife, chief

g as heard in get, wagon, gag, big

h as heard in hat, heel, home, harm

j as heard in jam, judge, ajar, edge

m as heard in me, common, mom, him

n as heard in no, manner, nun, tan

ng as heard in song, fling, ringing

ngg as heard in finger, single, anger

nk as heard in drank, flunk, inking

p as heard in pin, paper, pep, cap

q as heard in queen, quaek, liquid

r as heard in red, roar, trip, cheer

s as heard in sit, bus, sets, dogs

ss as heard in princess, largess, gneiss[RJM2] 

sh as heard in shin, issue, motion, rush

t as heard in tap, butter, tot, hit

th as heard in thin, method, path

th voiced as in this, mother, smooth

v as heard in van, river, revive, gave

w as heard in will, awoke, weather

wh as heard in wheat, why, worthwhile

x as heard in extra, fix, box, exam

y as heard in yes, beyond, lawyer

z as heard in zebra, lazy, tease, jazy

zh as heard in azure, pleasure, garage


SHORT VOWELS...the most frequently heard vowel sound

a as heard in act, at, am, bag, can, carry    weak a as in organ

e as heard in ebb, end, bed, mend, merry   weak e as in novel

i as heard in it, in, tip, pin, gives, banish    weak i as in pencil

o as heard in odd, hot, sobs, boxes, sorry   weak o as in lemon

u as heard in up, but, fun, blood, young, love

 

LONG VOWELS - Silent e gives a preceding vowel its 'long' name-sound

ae as heard in A, ate, aim, aid,  same, cape, day, they, ways

ee as heard in E, eel, eat, feet, field, team, seen, ski, key

The spelling of unstressed ½-e depends on its position in the word as shown by e in reform, i in memorial, y in needy

ie as heard in I, ice, tie, eye, ride, guide, flight, aisle, buy

oe as heard in O, old, toe, only, home, boat, sew, know

ue as heard in U, unit, hue, cute, used, beauty, few

 

VOWEL PAIRS and vowels combined with r and rr

oo as heard in ooze, moon, zoo, cruise, true, flu

uu as heard in good, should, bush, put, foot, book

oi /oy as heard in oil, boil, noise / loyal, boy

ou /ow as in out, mouth, sounding / how, cows, power

au /aw as in auto, fraud, caucus / saw, sawing, lawyer

ar as heard in ar, card, far, dolar                ...arr as heard in carry

er unstressed  murderer, pervert, pleasure  ...err as heard in berry

or[RJM3]  as heard in order, for, donor, color        ...orr as heard in sorry

ur stressed, as in  murder, pervert, church[RJM4] 

oor /uur as heard in tour, moor / jury, rural, azure

ua as heard in casual, actual      uae as hurd in graduating

aa as heard in alms, ma, pa, calm, father

aer as heard in air, hair, care, swear, where, there

aul as heard in tall, maul, false, crawl

The as heard in phrase leads you to connect the letters with your own pronunciation whether it be Southern, New England, Irish, Australian, British, or other.  Simplicity in spelling— freedom in pronunciation.

  Proper names of living people and viable institutions are never formally respelled without permission. Proper names and foreign words not respelled in SS may be indicated with italics and pronunciation indicated by (parentheses).

  No change in to, do, no, so, go, of, off, has, as, is, his, her,

per, wer [were], me, we, be, he, she, all, thru, -ful and their inflected forms[RJM5] .

  No change in plural-s (jobs), possessives (man's, his), and the 3rd person present singular (he sees), even when the s is pronounced as z (the grammatical s).  This is a "predictable generality".

  ss distinguishes sinss [since] from sins, peess [peace] from pees [peas], etc.

  rr continues, as now, to indicate that the vowel before it is "short" – carry, merry, sorry.

  Unstressed "½-ee" continues to be spelt e i or y depending on position. It is heard in the unstressed syllables of 

between, detect, reform, editorial, champion, fifty.

  No change in the spelling of short (shwa) vowels in unstressed syllables – organ, novel, pencil, lemon, – unless the letter is misleading, or does not help in pronouncing the letter, clearly, slowly, and very distinctly.

  A double consonant is generally not used to indicate a short vowellater = latter, laeter = later.  Doubled consonants are employed in exceptional cases for specific, limited reasons, as in carry, iess [ice], off, all.

  A long-O or long-I sound at the end of a word may be written with a single letter – banjo, go, no, so, alibi, hi, whi, fli, cri...but  banjoes, goes, alibieing, flies, cries, etc..

  In vowel strings the syllable ends after the first vowel or established vowel pair – free ing, cre aetiv, floo id, hie er, pow er, continue ing, evalue aet, re akt, re-enter.

  A hyphen separates adjacent letters that might otherwise be mistaken for a digraph: (th) pent-hous; (nk) man-kiend; (sh) dis-harten; (wh) cow-hand; (rr) for-runer; (ng) masheen-gun.

  We accept the flattery of a capital I for ‘me’.  Perhaps we should extend the courtesy – a capital U for ‘you’.


(TS version)

Dear Ed,

This is my copy of the SS spelling chart which you sent me through snail mail.  I had to retype it since you did not send it to me via the internet, and I wanted to have a perfect, typed copy of my revised version of the chart to send back to you.

I have marked all the recommended changes in the text with a yellow highlight.  I appreciate the need to keep the chart simple enough so that all the relevant information can be fit onto just one page, and for that reason, I have not gone into any particular detail concerning my proposed rule changes and my justifications for them.

What I would like to do right now is simply to refer back to the proposed changes in the highlighted areas one at a time in the order in which they appear in the text just to make a few comments about each of the revised rules and my reasons for fixing them.

Later on, I can go into more detail about minor rules and “fine points” to SS orthography which would require several pages of text to fully explain, but what follows should be a good start, and we can take it from thereJ

ngg as heard in finger, single, anger[RJM6] 

I thought it would be appropriate[RJM7]  to be more explicit about this feature of SS, even though the other spelling rules may account for it, since it is one more feature which makes SS superior to confusing TS usage.

s as heard in sit, bus, sets, dogs

ss as heard in princess, largess, gneiss

I altered these to clarify the changes which you have already agreed to concerning the use of the single letter s to stand for both voiced and unvoiced pronunciations of the plural marker, as well as the exceptional use of the doubled ss at the very end of words to avoid ambiguity in certain types of phonetic categories.

oi /oy as heard in oil, boil, noise / loyal, boy

I made this slight change to reflect the rule change I had called for earlier that would allow for the –oy ending at the very end of words and at the end of meaningful syllables, parallel to your use of ou/ ow and au/ aw.

er unstressed  murderer, pervert, pleasure

ur stressed, as in     murder, pervert, church

These changes reflect my desire to return to the earlier convention used in all precursors to SS of using the ‘ur’ for the stressed ur in “gurl” [girl], “lurn” [learn], “furn” [fern], “church,” and the ‘er’ for the unstressed er in “baker,” “murderer,” and so on.  Trying to get the ‘er’ to do justice to both versions of this sound simply overtaxes[RJM8]  it and causes a great many words to appear very strange, i.e. *erban [urban] , *erjent [urgent], *perchas [purchase], *kerss [curse], *kers [curs], *perss [purse], *pers [purrs = what a cat does], when SS spellings with the traditional ‘ur’ would be more much palatable, as in “urban, urjent, purchas, curss, curs, purss, purs.”

oor /uur as heard in tour, moor / jury, rural, azure

I don’t like the idea of tampering with oor /uur to shorten it to the artificial digraph, ‘ur’:  I think that it should suffice that the oo and the uu sounds are clearly defined in SS, and that any combination of these sounds with an immediately[RJM9]  following r sound should be written in a logical, straightforward manner, as in oo + r = oor and uu + r = uur.  I also think there should be more flexibility with respect to the employment of ‘oor’ so that it could be used more often and thus preserve a more familiar appearance for words (for example, I think we really ought to look into the question of whether it is better to respell ‘your’ as “yuur” or “yoor[RJM10] ”).

aer as heard in air, hair, care, swear, where, there

I would change the special ‘air’ trigraph back to the earlier form of ‘aer’ that it had been all along in forerunner systems such as Ripman's Nue Speling, Zachrissons's Anglic, and Deweys's WES.

Since SS does not use ‘ai’ or ‘-ay’ for any other purposes I feel that there is no good reason to allow the ‘ai’ to gain any possible “toehold” by allowing it to sneak in, in just this one case.  Moreover, children would be ill served by the ‘air’ trigraph because the associated sound does not resemble that of the ‘ir’ digraph at all.

aul as heard in tall, maul, false, crawl

The use of the word “all” as a ‘word-sign’ by itself is justifiable in view of the high frequency of this word, but I don’t think that using a fixed “-all-” form across the board in all words has much to recommend it.  For one thing, typing double consonants within words is always awkward, and the ‘all’ trigraph looks even worse when put “back to back” with other ‘ascenders,’ as in *allter or *balld (having three “tall” letters all together looks strange--even stranger in cursive hand-writing).  Finally, you would have the word, *fallss, [false] which would have to be spelled that way to distinguish it from “falls,” and a double ll followed by a doubled ss is certainly not appetizing!

Instead, I would recommend such spellings as “aulter, bauld, faulss, and fauls.”  The only allowable exception should be for the specific word-sign “all,” and all other derived and inflected forms in which the original meaning of the word has not been altered.  Thus we would have SS “oever-alls,” “all-teraen veeikl,” “carry-all,” “free-for-all,” “cach-all turm,” “all waes,” and “all together,” but “aulwaes”, “aultogether,” “aulmoest,” “aulter,” and so on.

use of “of” and “off” as word signs:

I agree that it is necessary to use these word-signs in order to maintain visual compatibility with TS and especially to prevent the backward knock with traditional orthography that would happen if TS “off” were respelled as “of.”  I do not agree, however, with the notion of writing a double ff within words, as in *offer, *coffy, *offishal, *scroffuela, etc., especially in words which have absolutely nothing to do etymologically with the word “off.”  The last thing we need in SS is more doubled letters, and an ‘-of-’ syllable within a word is not going to be confused with the isolated word “of” any more than the syllables -to- and -do- in toter [totter] and doder [dodder] are going to be confused with the isolated words to and do.

The word-sign spelling “off” should only be used in words which are clearly derived from that word, as in “cast-off”, “off-hand”, “spin-off”, and the like, but not in SS “ofer, ofensiv, cofy, ofishal, scrofuela[RJM11] ,” and so on.

  Proper names of living people and viable institutions are never formally respelled without permission.  Proper names and foreign words not respelled in SS may be indicated with italics and pronunciation indicated by (parentheses).

I decided to clarify and limit the policy which we have about not respelling proper nouns, in place of the vague reference to “words beginning with a capital letter.”  I think there are cases where respelling proper nouns is indeed justifiable, especially in “instructive” or pedagogical contexts when dealing with proper nouns that are difficult to write or pronounce, and all the more so when the word in question is so common that it can be considered to be “in the public domain.”

    No change in to, do, no, so, go, of, off, has, as[RJM12] , is, his, her, per, wer [were], me, we, be, he, she, all, thru, -ful and their inflected forms.

I’ve added a few more words to the list for the sake of consistency, even though some of these word-signs may be covered by other rules.  (This list is hardly complete or exhaustive, but it should contain just about all the most common words of this type.)

  No change in plural-s (jobs), possessives (man's, his), and the 3rd person present singular (he sees), even when the s is pronounced as z (the grammatical s).  This is a "predictable generality".

I added the term, “grammatical s,” since I think it is appropriate to gather the three different uses of this letter together under one collective term.

    ss distinguishes sinss [since] from sins, peess [peace] from pees [peas].

I am being careful to distinguish between words respelled in SS and words from TS used as examples.

  A double consonant is generally not used to indicate a short vowellater = latter, laeter = later.  Doubled consonants are employed in exceptional cases for specific, limited reasons, as in carry, iess [ice], off, all.

This is not a suggested change!:  I thought this would be a nice rule to add since there was space for it, and it is important to mention this feature of SS which separates it from more compromising schemes such as RITE and Cutspelng.

  A hyphen separates adjacent letters that might otherwise be mistaken for a digraph: (th) pent-hous; (nk) man-kiend; (sh) dis-harten; (wh) cow-hand; (rr) for-runer; (ng) masheen-gun.

Another useful rule:  I copied this one directly from your book, “American Spelling” on page 299, under SYLLABLE SEPARATION


 [RJM1]Rondthaler has TO usage strictly determining the use of c and k in SS. I, on the other hand, have developed a set of rules specifying the use of c and k in SS words, which largely mimics TO practice without requiring previous knowledge of TO. The practical effects of such a change are not great. rjm.

Note that as of 2007, ‘sc’ is not being automatically changed to ‘sk’.

 [RJM2] The set of rules for when to use and when not to use the “doubled ss” is rather involved, and would require at least a paragraph of explanations.  The justifications for the rules would require an entire article. rjm

 [RJM3]I recall one authority recommended the use of the expanded ‘oer’ trigraph for the transliteration of words such as TO “four,” which some individuals pronounce differently than TO “for.” This possibility is not currently supported by ALC SoundSpel, but might be held “in reserve” if the need arises. rjm

 [RJM4]I am aware that there are some who do not pronounce TO “hurry” the same as TO “furry.” For people who give the former the pronunciation ‘huh-ry,’ the very exceptional use of the “urr” trigraph would make sense (on analogy with arr, err, orr). As it concerns the pronunciation of a single word in a single dialect, however, the issue is too minor to bring up here. rjm

 [RJM5]The list of “word signs” and of words that take a “terminal e reduction” is not intended to be complete, only representative. Also note that forms such as ‘-off-‘ and ‘-all-‘ do not “apply” to syllables in words that bare no etymological relationship to such words. Thus SS “pae-off” but “ofis,” “oever-alls” but “aulwaes.” As of 2007, I have switched to respelling ‘was’ as “wuz.”

 [RJM6]Note that Jack Mleynek wanted to drop this feature, even though it has never once been challenged during the previous history of SS to my knowledge. To my ears the sound distinction is too important to overlook.

 [RJM7]Note that in SS Rondthaler employs the spelling *aproepryet, but I am not using the ‘y’ letter here. I could spell it “aproepri’et,” but then I would have to use an apostrophe after the ‘i.’ I am still not completely decided about whether to choose between ‘-et’ or ‘-at’ in this case. [As of 2023, the '-at' form has been definitively chosen. rjm.]

 [RJM8]Note that Rondthaler wants to spell TO ‘taxes’ as *taxses in order to indicate that the x sound here is not voiced. I say this is ridiculously awkward! We should bypass this rule for plurals and the grammatical s generally.

 [RJM9]Note that Rondthaler would respell this word as *imeedyetly. I find this too awkward here and prefer “imeediatly.” I never went over this issue with him.

 [RJM10]I am not planning on “pushing” this issue that hard, only in the event that others fluent in SS may want to take it up.

 [RJM11]This was respelled “skrofuela” in the original version of the text, due to an earlier ‘sk’ digraph rule that I have since rescinded. rjm

 [RJM12]The word “was” was initially included here as a “word sign.” I had long had doubts about the word due to the fact that the TO spelling *was misrepresents both the sound of the vowel and the terminal –s. Roberta’s alleged bad experience with a student finally led me to abandon this word sign altogether. rjm